Product Development

Product Development transforms validated ideas into tangible solutions through a structured process of design, prototyping, and testing. This phase ensures that innovations are functional, user-focused, and ready for real-world application. It builds on the outputs of Ideation & Discovery, refining concepts into market-ready technologies or services.

Three key activities have been identified within Product Development:

  1. Concept Design: In this phase of the product development phase, concept design helps refine ideas into viable product concepts and initial prototypes. This step takes ideation outputs and begins shaping them into practical solutions, focusing on user requirements and value delivery.
  2. Product Development & Refinement: Concept design transforms ideation into actionable plans, while product refinement iterates and perfects them. Building on concept design, this phase reduces uncertainty by iterating on prototypes and verifying they meet technical and customer requirements. Product refinement verifies that we have design the product right.
  3. Market Fit: Market fit confirms that customers are willing to pay for your product, that it offers a superior alternative to existing solutions, and that it addresses a real problem. While product development testing ensures the product is built correctly, market fit validates that the right product has been developed—one that effectively solves a genuine customer pain point. This final step ensures the refined product is not only functional but also commercially viable, connecting back to initial market research insights.

These activities may involve developing new technologies from low to high TRL, integrating existing solutions, or scaling innovations for practical use.

Discovery Phase

Planning Phase

Execution Phase

Validation Phase

Discovery Phase: Exploring Product Potential

The Discovery phase initiates product development by exploring and refining ideas into viable concepts. It focuses on understanding user needs, defining value, and assessing feasibility to set a solid foundation. This stage evaluates ideas from Ideation & Discovery, confirming their potential through customer insights and initial concept assessment. No prototypes are built yet; the emphasis is on clarifying the product’s purpose and scope.


Discovery Tools
Component Purpose Relevant Tools Description Way When

Concept Evaluation

  • Assess and rank ideas for feasibility and value
  • Prioritize high-potential concepts to optimize resource use

Concept Evaluation

A method to prioritize concepts using criteria like feasibility and cost

Apply a scoring matrix or checklist to compare ideas

Early in Discovery, when filtering ideas from Ideation

Customer Value Proposition

  • Define unique benefits addressing pain points to shape viable product solutions
  • Help Refine ideas into viable product solutions.
  • Help understand the different ways a product provides value to customers

Customer Value Proposition

A framework articulating how the product delivers value

Use workshops or templates to outline benefits and align with user needs

Mid-Discovery, after initial idea assessment

Business Case

  • Justify investment by evaluating costs and benefits
  • Align idea with strategic goals for stakeholder buy-in
  • Minimize risks by confirming economic viability

Business Case Template

A structured analysis of costs, benefits, risks, and strategic fit

Compile data into a document with financial projections and rationale

Late in Discovery, before transitioning to Planning

Planning Phase: Designing the Product Blueprint

This stage builds on Discovery’s validated concepts, translating them into technical specifications and initial designs. It incorporates optimization methodologies like DfX (Design for Manufacturability, Design for Assembly, etc) to ensure manufacturability, cost-effectiveness, and reliability, preparing the product for efficient development in the Execution phase. Early prototyping may begin to test initial assumptions, ensuring the design meets intended goals.


Planning Tools
Component Purpose Relevant Tools Description Way When

Product Levels Design

  • Categorize product to estimate and refine value
  • Help clarify customer benefits to guide design

The Levels of a Product

A model categorizing product into core, actual, and augmented levels

Map features into levels to identify value gaps and enhancements

Early Planning, when defining the product scope

Design Specification

  • Link customer needs with engineering specs
  • Ensure product relevance by meeting user requirements

Quality Function Deployment

QFD Template

A structured tool to ensure design reflects user needs and sets targets

Fill out a QFD matrix linking customer requirements to technical specs

Late Planning, when finalizing the design blueprint

DfX methodology

  • Improve efficiency by optimizing for production needs
  • Reduce costs and risks with early design adjustments

DfX Guidelines

A set of methodologies (e.g., DFM, DFA) to optimize design for specific goals

Apply DfX principles (e.g., simplify parts for DFM) during design reviews

Late Planning, during design refinement before prototyping

Execution Phase: Building and Refining the Product

The Execution phase brings the product to life through prototyping, testing, and iteration. It ensures the solution is functional, performs as intended, and aligns with customer expectations. Building on the planning blueprint, this stage reduces uncertainty by creating and refining prototypes. Iterative testing verifies that the product is built correctly, aligning technical outputs with design inputs.


Execution Phase
Component Purpose Relevant Tools Description Way When

Prototype Development

  • Build and test prototypes for functionality
  • Validate design assumptions with tangible results
  • Prototypes help visually identify issues early to save time and costs

Types of Prototypes and Testing

Techniques to build and evaluate prototypes (e.g., mockups, functional models)

Create physical or digital prototypes and run tests

Early Execution, when starting build process

Prototype Assessment

  • Assess performance against goals
  • Refine solutions based on objective test data

Evaluating Prototypes

Methods to ensure technical and user standards are met

Use test criteria or metrics to analyze prototype results

Mid-Execution, after initial prototypes are built

Validation Phase: Validating Product Success

The Validation phase assesses the refined product’s readiness for the market, validating its functionality, user fit, and commercial viability. It ensures the solution solves a real problem and meets market demands. This final stage confirms that the product is both technically sound and commercially promising. It connects back to initial discovery insights, using feedback and testing to verify market alignment and customer satisfaction.


Validation Phase
Component Purpose Relevant Tools Description Way When

Market Validation

  • Re-validate market fit and demand
  • Strengthen positioning with real-world validation
  • Confirm customer appeal to reduce launch risks

Market Validation Essentials

Getting Market Validation for Your Plan

Market Validation Questions List

A process to confirm demand and reduce risks before launch

Conduct interviews or focus groups with target users

Late Evaluation, before finalizing for market

User Feedback

  • Collect input for final refinements
  • Minimize errors by incorporating user perspectives
  • Enhance user satisfaction with targeted improvements

Customer Feedback Template

A structured form to gather insights on the product

Distribute surveys or forms to users for responses

Early Evaluation, after prototype testing